Keywords
Abstract
Pregnancy is a physiological stress test for beta cells of the pancreas, being a "diabetogenic factor" for the body.The synthesis of steroid hormones by the placenta (placental lactogen, estrogens, progesterone), as well as an increase in the formation of cortisol by the adrenal cortex with a simultaneous change in the metabolism and tissue effect of insulin, accelerated destruction of insulin by the kidneys and activation of placental insulinase lead during pregnancy to a state of physiological insulin resistance with compensatory hyperinsulinemia. The main reason for the development of gestational diabetes mellitus during pregnancy is the rate of maturation of the placenta and the gradual increase in insulin resistance leading to hyperglycemia. This process during gestation contributes to the pathological course of pregnancy, childbirth and significant disorders of adaptation of the newborn in the early neonatal period. The main risk factors for gestational diabetes mellitus are: overweight of the mother, obesity, late age of the pregnant woman, a history of gestational diabetes mellitus, burdened heredity for type 2 diabetes mellitus and ethnicity. The consequences of gestational diabetes are faced not only by endocrinologists and obstetricians-gynecologists, but also by doctors of other specialties, so today gestational diabetes is an interdisciplinary problem.