Abstract
Most of the known risk factors for the development of vascular pathology are realized through changes in the properties of the vascular wall. At the same time, large conducting arteries, and primarily the aorta, are subject to pathological influences to a greater extent than peripheral ones. Elastic properties of arteries, that is, pliability, extensibility and stiffness determine the structure of their walls. Experimental studies have shown that an increase in arterial stiffness is associated with structural changes [1,3,8,10]. A significant role in the formation of violations of the mechanical properties of the vessel wall is played by functional factors, such as an increase in shear stress on the endothelium, a temporary increase in the concentration of circulating vasoactive hormones, inflammatory mediators, exudative stress products, and others. Of particular importance among these factors is the functional activity of the vascular endothelium and smooth muscle cells. In response to various external stimuli, dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system can lead to paradoxical vasomotor reactions [2,4,5,9,11].