Keywords
Abstract
Introduction. HIV infection, despite the intensified struggle of practical world health, continues to spread, while infection among the female population of reproductive age tends to increase.
Aim: to conduct a prospective and retrospective analysis of the impact of HIV infection on the incidence of obstetric complications, as well as pathological conditions on the part of the fetus and newborn.
Materials and methods. The main group consisted of 48 pregnant women with established HIV-positive status, who underwent a set of measures to prevent the occurrence of complications of gestation. The comparison group – retrospective analysis – consisted of 119 respondents with HIV infection delivered in maternity complexes in 2018-2021. General clinical, mandatory obstetric instrumental and laboratory, as well as special research methods were carried out.
Results. The study of complications of previous pregnancies and childbirth in women infected with HIV showed that 26 (54%) women of the main group, 53 (44) % of patients in the comparison group had complications, while in the control group this figure was 6 (15%). Delivery at full-term pregnancy took place in the main group - in 96% of cases, in the comparison group - 82%, in the control group - 100%. In the main and control groups, no neonatal complications were observed. In the comparison group, neonatal complications were observed in 21 newborns (17.6%). Complications such as cerebral ischemia were observed in 21%, respiratory failure of varying severity in 18% of cases, signs of intrauterine infection in 14% of cases, perinatal lesions of the central nervous system of various origins in 18%, hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy in 6%, convulsive syndrome in 6%, congenital malformation in 4%.
Conclusion. HIV infection is a risk factor for preterm birth and perinatal complications. Timely prevention of the occurrence of disorders in the feto-placental system helps to improve the outcome of pregnancy and childbirth in this contingent of patients.